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comma
noun (commas ) a punctuation mark (,) indicating a slight pause or break made for the sake of clarity, to separate items in a list, etc.
[16c: Latin, from Greek comma short clause]
noun (commas ) a punctuation mark (,) indicating a slight pause or break made for the sake of clarity, to separate items in a list, etc.
[16c: Latin, from Greek comma short clause]
| comma A comma has several uses: || It indicates a pause or slight break within a sentence: I'd give anything not to go, but I'm afraid I must. Whatever you have to say, make it brief. He had grown to like his little room, which, like his jacket pockets, was filled with possessions he had gathered over the years. Many commas of this kind are nowadays optional:? They're down at the pub, celebrating their win on the Lottery. ? They're down at the pub celebrating their win on the Lottery. However, always use a comma to separate the main clause from a dependent clause that comes before it: When he arrived home, the children ran to meet him. || It separates clauses between which there is a balance or contrast: You may be sorry, but I am delighted. An alternative style is to use a semicolon and no conjunction: You may be sorry; I am delighted It is also possible to use a colon and no conjunction: You may be sorry: I am delighted. || It clarifies the structure or meaning of a sentence: She felt sick, and tired of looking at modern art. For this week, only coats will be half-price. Note especially how the comma is used to distinguish between a -defining relative clause- and a -non-defining relative clause-: The students, who attend classes every day, are making good progress. (ie all the students) The students who attend classes every day are making good progress. (ie only those who attend classes every day) || It separates introductory words and inserted comments: I don't much like the idea. However, you can go if you want to. I put it to you, ladies and gentlemen, that the government has earned your support. || It is used after -yes' and -no-, and before -please-: Yes, you're quite right. No, I don't agree at all. Put the books down over there, please. || It is used before the name of a person being spoken to, and before other forms of address: Are you coming too, Jack? Will you answer the door, dear? || It separates groups of adjectives, phrases, nouns and adverbs, with an optional comma before the -and- or -or-: a cold, wet, windy day I came for a holiday, I liked what I saw, I stayed ? it's as simple as that. I like football, tennis(,) and golf. We need to deal with this quickly, quietly(,) and effectively. Which do you do best ? sing, dance(,) or paint? || It separates direct speech from the rest of the sentence: -I wouldn't stay now,- she said, -even if you begged me.- Peter at once said, -I want to come too.- An alternative style is to use a colon, when the quoted speech comes last: Peter at once said: -I want to come too.- || Although it is not incorrect, nowadays it is not usually used in letter-writing, either in the address or after -Dear Sir-, etc. || It is used optionally in five-figure numbers and above, before every three figures counting from the left: 35,000 2,335,560 . An alternative style is to use no comma and no space: 35000 It is also possible to use a thin space and no comma: 35 000 . |
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